On account of the irreversible environmental damage caused by the utilization of non-
renewable raw materials in industrial production, since the end of the twentieth century, the …

In recent decades, vegetable oils as a potential replacement for petrochemical materials
have been extensively studied. Tall oil (crude tall oil, distilled tall oil, tall oil fatty acids, and …

Biodiesel production from crude tall oil (CTO) in presence of a commercial lipase catalyst
(Eversa Transform) was optimized using Taguchi method. Process parameters including …

During the last decades, the replacement of the traditionally petro-based raw materials by
eco-friendly substances in polyurethane production has become a great challenge. The …

Developing polyols from biomass sources contributes to a more circular economy by
replacing petroleum-based polyols in the vast production of polyurethanes (PUR). One such …

The dual-band stealth fabric was prepared by the specific procedure, as stated below: firstly,
doping the polyaniline-plated hollow glass microspheres (PANI/HGMs) with the ZnO …

The use of alternative raw material sources in polyurethane chemistry is necessary given the
limited supply of fossil fuels, their rising prices and the concern for sustainability. The …

Crude tall oil (CTO) is the third largest by-product at kraft pulp and paper mills. Due the large
presence of value-added fatty and resin acids, CTO has a huge valorization potential as a …

This study was conducted to assess the effect of the pulping by‐products crude tall oil (CTO),
distilled tall oil (DTO), and tall oil fatty acid (TOFA) on dynamic water vapor sorption …

Rigid polyurethane foams were obtained from pulp production byproducts. Three different
polyols were used—tall oil polyol, lignopolyol and commercially available polyol for …