The extracellular matrix (ECM) is one of the major components of tumors that plays multiple
crucial roles, including mechanical support, modulation of the microenvironment, and a …

BACKGROUND Historically, cancer has been considered a disease of the cell, caused by
mutations in genes that control proliferation, differentiation, and death. In recent decades …

Efforts to develop anti-cancer therapies have largely focused on targeting the epithelial
compartment, despite the presence of non-neoplastic stromal components that substantially …

Simple Summary Metastasis, the process by which cancer cells escape primary tumor site
and colonize distant organs, is responsible for most cancer-related deaths. The tumor …

Multiple nanotherapeutics have been approved for patients with cancer, but their effects on
survival have been modest and, in some examples, less than those of other approved …

Significance: Fibrosis is the endpoint of chronic disease in multiple organs, including the
skin, heart, lungs, intestine, liver, and kidneys. Pathologic accumulation of fibrotic tissue …

Abnormal blood and lymphatic vessels create a hostile tumor microenvironment
characterized by hypoxia, low pH, and elevated interstitial fluid pressure. These …

Current cancer nanomedicines can only mitigate adverse effects but fail to enhance
therapeutic efficacies of anticancer drugs. Rational design of next‐generation cancer …

Physical forces have a crucial role in tumor progression and cancer treatment. The
application of principles of engineering and physical sciences to oncology has provided …

The tumor microenvironment is a dynamic landscape in which the physical and mechanical
properties evolve dramatically throughout cancer progression. These changes are driven by …