The excessive consumption of fossil fuels causes massive emission of CO2, leading to
climate deterioration and environmental pollution. The development of substitutes and …

In recent decades, environmental concerns have directed several policies, investments, and
production processes. The search for sustainable and eco-friendly strategies is constantly …

Background Nitrogen sources play an essential role in maintaining the physiological and
biochemical activity of bacteria. Nitrogen metabolism, which is the core of microorganism …

Riboflavin is an essential nutrient for humans and animals, and its derivatives flavin
mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) are cofactors in the cells …

L-valine is a valuable amino acid in mammals that is used as the main component of feed
additives. The low efficiency of the fermentation titer limits the industrial application of L …

Bacillus subtilis is a generally recognized as safe microorganism that is widely used for
protein expression and chemical production, but has a limited number of genetic regulatory …

Abstract l-glutamine is a semi-essential amino acid widely used in the food and
pharmaceutical industries. The microbial synthesis of l-glutamine is limited by lack of …

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a noninvasive therapeutic approach that has been applied
in studies for the treatment of various diseases. In this context, PDT has been suggested as …

Abstract β-Alanine is the only naturally occurring β-amino acid, widely used in the fine
chemical and pharmaceutical fields. In this study, metabolic design strategies were …

Pyrimidine nucleosides, as intermediate materials of significant commercial value, find
extensive applications in the pharmaceutical industry. However, the current production of …