In this review, measurements are surveyed for both dc and microwave electric fields. These
show significant emission at applied fields typically 100 times smaller than those expected …

High-resolution electron energy distribution measurements of individual microscopic sites
have been used to develop a detailed theoretical model of the field-induced hot-electron …

Dielectric material between capacitor electrodes increases the capacitance. However, when
the electric field exceeds a threshold, electric breakdown in the dielectric discharges the …

The first part of this paper is devoted to a brief review of the recent experimental evidence
that has established the 'non-metallic'origin of pre-breakdown electron emission currents …

The reliable insulation of high voltages by vacuum remains a major challenge for many key
technologies, not least for the development of present and future space-based power …

An anode probe-hole technique, in conjunction with an electron spectrometer, has been
used to study the short-term temporal changes in the emission characteristics of …

We discuss a number of practical implications from recent studies on HVDC design concepts
for vacuum components. These studies dealt with microwave tube technology. The …

Instrumental techniques are described for displaying (a) the spatial distribution of field
emission sites on planar high voltage electrodes and (b) the emission current pattern within …

Recent evidence suggests that the prebreakdown currents that flow between vacuum-
insulated high voltage electrodes frequently originate from a non-metallic emission …

The author presents a bibliography covering the field of electrical discharges in vacuum,
comprising both electrical breakdown in vacuum and vacuum arcs. A brief section lists some …