Compared with the animal kingdom, fertilization is particularly complex in flowering plants
(angiosperms). Sperm cells of angiosperms have lost their motility and require transportation …

Key message Overview of current understanding of epigenetic alterations after abiotic
stresses during reproductive development in cereals. Abstract Abiotic stresses, including …

The broad application of single-cell RNA profiling in plants has been hindered by the
prerequisite of protoplasting that requires digesting the cell walls from different types of plant …

Abstract The Eurasian grapevine (Vitis vinifera) has long been important for wine production
as well as being a food source. Despite being clonally propagated, modern cultivars exhibit …

Key message Overview of pollen development. Abstract Male gametophyte development of
angiosperms is a complex process that requires coordinated activity of different cell types …

Flowering seed plants (angiosperms) have evolved unique ways to protect their gametes
from pathogen attack and from drying out. The female gametes (egg and central cell) are …

Based on the biological species concept, two species are considered distinct if reproductive
barriers prevent gene flow between them. In Central Europe, the diploid species Arabidopsis …

Communication between the gametophytes is vital for angiosperm fertilisation. Multiple Cr
RLK 1L‐type receptor kinases prevent premature pollen tube burst, while another Cr RLK 1L …

The endosperm is an ephemeral tissue that nourishes the developing embryo, similar to the
placenta in mammals. In most angiosperms, endosperm development starts as a syncytium …

During the angiosperm (flowering-plant) life cycle, double fertilization represents the
hallmark between diploid and haploid generations [1]. The success of double fertilization …