This scoping review addresses the role of functional limitations on evacuation performance
of adults in public buildings. Although this topic has been addressed in evacuation research …

Pedestrian evacuation models are often used to assess life safety in the performance-based
design process within fire safety engineering. Within this paper, a summary of data collected …

Tunnels are separated from the ground by structural linings, and are enclosed and
unfamiliar for occupants. In tunnel fires, occupants are faced with a dangerous environment …

Due to the individuals' interactions with the physical environment, pedestrian walking on
various stair-facilities may present different features. Performing controlled pedestrian …

The type and relative position of evacuation signage to evacuees' location can affect their
likelihood to understand and comply with the information provided. To address this issue, a …

This paper presents a field experimental study of several participants' evacuation behaviour
in fire-induced smoke in a bidirectional six-lane, urban tunnel with natural ventilation …

The number of underground metro stations around the world is steadily increasing and deep
stations are becoming more common. Evacuation elevators can be a way to mitigate many …

Staircases are key structures in vertical evacuation in buildings. In this work, individual
upward evacuation experiments in staircases under four visibility conditions were performed …

Staircases play an essential role in crowd dynamics, allowing pedestrians to flow across
large multi-level public facilities such as transportation hubs, shopping malls, and office …

Evacuation models often neglect the impact of fatigue on pedestrian movement during stair
evacuation. While a limited number of sub-models are available in the literature to represent …