Shigella is a major cause of bacillary dysentery world-wide. It is divided into four species,
named S. flexneri, S. sonnei, S. dysenteriae, and S. boydii, which are distinct genomically …

Flagellar and translocation-associated type III secretion (T3S) systems are present in most
Gram-negative plant-and animal-pathogenic bacteria and are often essential for bacterial …

The type III secretion injectisome is a complex nanomachine that allows bacteria to deliver
protein effectors across eukaryotic cellular membranes. In recent years, significant progress …

Type III secretion systems (T3SSs) are complex bacterial structures that provide gram-
negative pathogens with a unique virulence mechanism enabling them to inject bacterial …

Shigella spp. are gram-negative pathogenic bacteria that evolved from harmless
enterobacterial relatives and may cause devastating diarrhea upon ingestion. Research …

The type III secretion machinery of Gram‐negative bacteria, also known as the injectisome
or needle complex, is composed of a basal body spanning both bacterial membranes and …

Delivery of bacterial proteins into mammalian cells by type III secretion systems (TTSS) is
thought to require the intimate association of bacteria with target cells. The molecular bases …

Shigella spp. are food-and waterborne pathogens that cause severe diarrheal and
dysenteric disease associated with high morbidity and mortality. Individuals most often …

Gram-negative bacteria express a wide variety of organelles on their cell surface. These
surface structures may be the end products of secretion systems, such as the hair-like fibers …

Type III secretion systems (T3SSs) are essential virulence determinants of many Gram‐
negative bacterial pathogens. The Shigella T3SS consists of a cytoplasmic bulb, a …