The concept of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) entails recovery facilitation of
patients who undergo surgery through the implementation of a multidisciplinary and …

Lumbar spinal canal stenoses usually manifest with radicular symptoms or neurogenic
claudication. Back pain is more likely to be due to secondary degenerative phenomena …

Background Spinal percutaneous biportal endoscopic surgery (PBES) is a minimally
invasive surgery; however, it is associated with several poor outcomes. This study aimed to …

Background Interlaminar endoscopic lumbar discectomy (IELD) is an efficient surgical
treatment for lumbar disc herniation. However, this minimally invasive procedure requires a …

Purpose While anterior cervical discectomy and fusion as well as cervical disk arthroplasty
are gold standard treatments for the surgical treatment of cervical radiculopathy, posterior …

Objective To compare postoperative pain control and functional outcome between full-
endoscopic interlaminar approach (FEIA) and open minimally invasive microsurgical …

Objective The efficacy of tubular microdiscectomy (TMD) in the treatment of recurrent lumbar
disc herniation (rLDH) is still unclear, especially compared with the endoscopic technique …

Background and Study Aims There is a paucity of literature on beginners' training and on its
connection with patient safety for transforaminal epidural steroid injections (TFESIs). This …

Background The extreme lateral lumbar interbody fusion (XLIF) technique is safe and
effective; however, the deep and tight surgical corridor makes visual identification of …

Although it is well-recognized within the endoscopic spine community that a learning curve
exists for percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD), it is less well understood …