Background The mechanisms underlying the non-antimicrobial immunomodulatory
properties of macrolides are not well understood. Objectives To systematically review the …

Macrolides have diverse biological activities and an ability to modulate inflammation and
immunity in eukaryotes without affecting homeostatic immunity. These properties have led to …

Importance Macrolide antibiotics have been shown beneficial in cystic fibrosis (CF) and
diffuse panbronchiolitis, and earlier findings also suggest a benefit in non-CF …

Background Azithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic with anti-inflammatory and
immunomodulatory properties. We tested the hypothesis that azithromycin would decrease …

Background Macrolides have long been recognised to exert immunomodulary and anti-
inflammatory actions. They are able to suppress the “cytokine storm” of inflammation and to …

Rationale: Patients with refractory asthma have persistent symptoms despite maximal
treatment with inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting bronchodilators. The availability of …

Cough is the most common symptom in respiratory specialist clinics of tertiary hospitals and
outpatient clinics of primary health care facilities. In China, patients with chronic cough …

Background Bronchiectasis is a chronic respiratory disease characterised by abnormal and
irreversible dilatation and distortion of the smaller airways. Bacterial colonisation of the …

Macrolide antibiotics are well known for their antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties.
This article provides an overview of the biological mechanisms through which macrolides …

Common variable immune deficiency (CVID) is the commonest symptomatic primary
immunodeficiency and represents a heterogenous collection of disorders resulting mostly in …