HVDC systems are playing an increasingly significant role in energy transmission due to
their technical and economic superiority over HVAC systems for long distance transmission …

Over the last decade, energy demand from the power grid has increased significantly due to
the increasing number of users and the emergence of high-power industries. This has led to …

High voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission is an economical option for transmitting a
large amount of power over long distances. Initially, HVDC was developed using thyristor …

The voltage source converter (VSC) based HVDC (high voltage direct current system) offers
the possibility to integrate other renewable energy sources (RES) into the electrical grid, and …

Renewable energy transmission by high-voltage direct current (HVDC) has attracted
increasing attention for the development and utilization of large-scale renewable energy …

For decades high voltage alternating current (HVAC) was considered as most economical
solution to transmit and deliver electric power. With the recent developments in power …

Modular multilevel converter (MMC) has many advantages of scalability, reliability and easy
implementation, but suffers from large number of switching devices and capacitors. To …

The circuit topology of a submodule (SM) in an modular multilevel converter (MMC) defines
many of the functionalities of the complete power electronics conversion system and the …

This paper studies the impact of the inherent characteristics on the initial-stage short-circuit
current of modular multilevel converter based multi-terminal direct current (MMC-based …

Implementing control schemes for modular multilevel converters (M2Cs) involves both a
cyber and a physical level, leading to a cyber-physical system (CPS). At the cyber level, a …