Clostridium difficile is a major cause of intestinal infection and diarrhoea in individuals
following antibiotic treatment. Recent studies have begun to elucidate the mechanisms that …

Pathogenic spore-forming Firmicutes are commonly present in animal and human wastes
that are used as fertilizers in crop production. Pre-treatments of organic waste prior to land …

The microbiome dysbiosis caused by antibiotic treatment has been associated with both
susceptibility to and relapse of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). Bacteriophage (phage) …

Clostridium difficile PCR ribotype (RT) 014 is well-established in both human and porcine
populations in Australia, raising the possibility that C. difficile infection (CDI) may have a …

Clostridium difficile is a leading cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea worldwide. The
diagnosis of C. difficile infection (CDI) requires both clinical manifestations and a positive …

Toxinotyping is a PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)-based method for
differentiation of Clostridium difficile strains according to the changes in the pathogenicity …

Over the recent decades, Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) has emerged as a global public
health threat. Despite growing attention, C. difficile remains a poorly understood pathogen …

Background Clostridium difficile infections (CDI) in humans range from asymptomatic
carriage to life-threatening intestinal disease. Findings on C. difficile in various animal …

Zoonoses are infections or diseases that can be transmitted between animals and humans
through direct contact, close proximity or the environment. Clostridium difficile is ubiquitous …

The epidemiology and transmission of Clostridioides difficile, particularly for community-
associated infections, are not completely understood. Although there have been no …