The aim of this article is to review the basic principles of two-photon excitation fluorescence
(2PEF) microscopy and to compare the advantages and disadvantages of 2PEF imaging to …

Abstract Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) microscopy dates back to 1974, but effective
biological use of the technique has a history of barely 10 years. It is now widely used to …

A laser-scanning microscope using second harmonic generation (SHG) as a probe is shown
to produce high-resolution images of duckweed Lemna minuta leaves. These leaves are …

In conventional fluorescence or confocal microscopy, emitted light is generated not only in
the focal plane but also above and below. The situation is different in multiphoton-induced …

Optical microscopy is a primary research tool that is widely used for visualization of cells and
subcellular organelles in living photosynthetic organisms. Although being primarily an …

BACKGROUND: Second harmonic information reveals information about the structure of
spatially oriented structures with an asymmetry. We study the second harmonic images of …

Background The transmitted light detectors present on most modern confocal microscopes
are an under-utilised tool for the live imaging of plant cells. As the light forming the image in …

US8030077B2 - Non-linear optical imaging of protein crystals - Google Patents US8030077B2 -
Non-linear optical imaging of protein crystals - Google Patents Non-linear optical imaging of …

The fine structure of the cornea has been the subject of many investigations for over 50
years [1-5]. In early electron microscopic analysis of the chick cornea it was reported that the …

Optical imaging has played a key role in the development of biology and indeed until the
discovery of DNA, and its role in life, was probably the core scientific technology forming the …