Children born small for gestational age (SGA), defined as a birth weight and/or length
below− 2 SD score (SDS), comprise a heterogeneous group. The causes of SGA are …

The adult human adrenal cortex produces steroid hormones that are crucial for life,
supporting immune response, glucose homeostasis, salt balance and sexual maturation. It …

BACKGROUND Genomic imprinting is an epigenetic gene regulatory mechanism; disruption
of this process during early embryonic development can have major consequences on both …

Abnormally excessive growth results from perturbation of a complex interplay of genetic,
epigenetic, and hormonal factors that orchestrate human growth. Overgrowth syndromes …

Primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) is a potentially life‐threatening condition that requires
urgent diagnosis and treatment. Whilst the most common causes are congenital adrenal …

The cyclin/CDK inhibitor p57Kip2 belongs to the Cip/Kip family, with p21Cip1 and p27Kip1,
and is the least studied member of the family. Unlike the other family members, p57Kip2 has …

Background Primary mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are fraught with aging-related
shortfalls. Human-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived MSCs (iMSCs) have been …

The adrenal cortex produces dozens of steroids having varying degrees of glucocorticoid,
mineralocorticoid, and androgenic activity. Cortisol, the principal glucocorticoid, and …

Type II testicular germ cell cancers (TGCT) are the most frequently diagnosed tumours in
young men (20–40 years) and are classified as seminoma or non‐seminoma. TGCTs are …

Fetal growth restriction is a pathological condition occurring when the fetus does not reach
the genetically determined growth potential. The etiology of fetal growth restriction is …