Suberin is a specialized cell wall modifying polymer comprising both phenolic-derived and
fatty acid-derived monomers, which is deposited in below-ground dermal tissues (epidermis …

The apoplast is a continuous plant compartment that connects cells between tissues and
organs and is one of the first sites of interaction between plants and microbes. The plant cell …

Functionally similar to the tight junctions present in animal guts, plant roots have evolved a
lignified Casparian strip as an extracellular diffusion barrier in the endodermis to seal the …

Lignin is a complex polymer deposited in the cell wall of specialised plant cells, where it
provides essential cellular functions. Plants coordinate timing, location, abundance and …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are naturally produced by several redox reactions during
plant regular metabolism such as photosynthesis and respiration. Due to their chemical …

Lignin is a complex aromatic biopolymer important for providing mechanical strength to the
cell wall and resistance against both biotic and abiotic stresses. It helps in plant growth by …

Gravity is one of the fundamental environmental cues that affect plant development. Indeed,
the plant architecture in the shoots and roots is modulated by gravity. Stems grow vertically …

Cell walls in plants, particularly forest trees, are the major carbon sink of the terrestrial
ecosystem. Chemical and biosynthetic features of plant cell walls were revealed early on …

Cells harbour numerous receptor pathways to respond to diverse stimuli, yet often share
common downstream signalling components. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MPK) …

At present, a cooperative process hypothesis is used to explain the supply of enzyme (class
III peroxidases and/or laccases) and substrates during lignin polymerization. However, it …