In a normal human life span, the heart beats about 2–3 billion times. Under diseased
conditions, a heart may lose its normal rhythm and degenerate suddenly into much faster …

Cardiac alternans arises from dynamical instabilities in the electrical and calcium cycling
systems of the heart, and often precedes ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death …

Cx43, a major cardiac connexin, forms precursor hemichannels that accrue at the
intercalated disc to assemble as gap junctions. While gap junctions are crucial for electrical …

Early development of ionic models for cardiac myocytes, from the pioneering modification of
the Hodgkin–Huxley giant squid axon model by Noble to the iconic DiFrancesco–Noble …

Stable calcium-induced calcium release (CICR) is critical for maintaining normal cellular
contraction during cardiac excitation-contraction coupling. The fundamental element of …

Rationale: Intracellular calcium (Ca) alternans has been widely studied in cardiac myocytes
and tissue, yet the underlying mechanism remains controversial. Objective: In this study, we …

T-wave alternans (TWA) reflects every-other-beat alterations in the morphology of the
electrocardiogram ST segment or T wave in the setting of a constant heart rate, hence, in the …

T-wave alternans, a manifestation of repolarization alternans at the cellular level, is
associated with lethal cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. At the cellular level …

Rationale: Alternans is a risk factor for cardiac arrhythmia, including atrial fibrillation. At the
cellular level alternans manifests as beat-to-beat alternations in contraction, action potential …

Calcium alternans is associated with T-wave alternans and pulsus alternans, harbingers of
increased mortality in the setting of heart disease. Recent experimental, computational, and …