Stratigraphy provides insights into the evolution and dynamics of the Earth System over its
long history. With recent developments in Earth System science, changes in Earth System …

The geological record preserves evidence for two fundamental stages in the evolution of
Earth's biosphere, a microbial stage from~ 3.5 to 0.65 Ga, and a metazoan stage evident by …

Improving our understanding of species ranges under rapid climate change requires
application of our knowledge of the tolerance and adaptive capacity of populations to …

Anthropogenic changes to the Earth's climate, land, oceans and biosphere are now so great
and so rapid that the concept of a new geological epoch defined by the action of humans …

A 617 site palaeobotanical dataset for the Mid to Late Miocene is presented. This dataset is
internally consistent and provides a comprehensive overview of vegetational change from …

Past greenhouse periods with elevated atmospheric CO2 were characterized by globally
warmer sea-surface temperatures (SST). However, the extent to which the high latitudes …

Many palaeoclimate studies have quantified pre-anthropogenic climate change to calculate
climate sensitivity (equilibrium temperature change in response to radiative forcing change) …

Abstract The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) hyperthermal,~ 56 million years
ago (Ma), is the most dramatic example of abrupt Cenozoic global warming. During the …

Recognition of intimate feedback mechanisms linking changes across the atmosphere,
biosphere, geosphere and hydrosphere demonstrates the pervasive nature of humankind's …

Geological data indicate that there were major variations in Antarctic ice sheet volume and
extent during the early to mid-Miocene. Simulating such large-scale changes is problematic …