Plant pathogens are one of the main factors hindering the breeding of cash crops.
Pathogens, including oomycetes, fungus, and bacteria, secrete effectors as invasion …

Multicellularity has emerged multiple times in evolution, enabling groups of cells to share a
living space and reducing the burden of solitary tasks. While unicellular organisms exhibit …

Efficient plant immune responses depend on the ability to recognise an invading microbe.
The 22-amino acids in the N-terminal domain and the 28-amino acids in the central region of …

Plant pathogens destroy crops and cause severe yield losses, leading to an insufficient food
supply to sustain the human population. Apart from relying on natural plant immune systems …

Phytopathogens cause plant diseases that threaten food security. Unlike mammals, plants
lack an adaptive immune system and rely on their innate immune system to recognize and …

Heavy metal-associated isoprenylated plant proteins (HIPPs) are a metallochaperone-like
protein family comprising a combination of structural features unique to vascular plants …

Plasmodesmata (PD) play a critical role in symplasmic communication, coordinating plant
activities related to growth & development, and environmental stress responses. Most …

Filamentous plant pathogens, including fungi and oomycetes, pose significant threats to
cultivated crops, impacting agricultural productivity, quality and sustainability. Traditionally …

Horticultural crops suffer from bacterial, fungal, and oomycete pathogens. Effectors are one
of the main weapons deployed by those pathogens, especially in the early stages of …

Phytopathogenic microbes use secreted effector proteins to increase their virulence in
planta. If these effectors or the results of their activity are detected by the plant cell, the plant …