Abstract Based on the Baltic Earth Assessment Reports of this thematic issue in Earth
System Dynamics and recent peer-reviewed literature, current knowledge of the effects of …

Climate change has multiple effects on Baltic Sea species, communities and ecosystem
functioning through changes in physical and biogeochemical environmental characteristics …

Recently performed scenario simulations for the Baltic Sea including marine
biogeochemistry were analyzed and compared with earlier published projections. The Baltic …

Coastal environments, in particular heavily populated semi-enclosed marginal seas and
coasts like the Baltic Sea region, are strongly affected by human activities. A multitude of …

Coastal seas worldwide suffer from increasing human impact. One of the most severe
environmental threats is excessive nutrient pollution from land, which causes oxygen …

Abstract The Baltic Sea is one of the fastest-warming semi-enclosed seas in the world over
the last decades, yielding critical consequences on physical and biogeochemical conditions …

Marine heatwaves (MHWs) can cause devastating impacts in coastal marine ecosystems,
particularly in shallow marginal seas, thereby making the understanding of the drivers of …

Since the early 1980ies, the shallow and brackish Baltic Sea, located in northern Europe,
has warmed fastest of all the world's coastal seas. Hence, the total heat exposure during …

A natural hazard is a naturally occurring extreme event that has a negative effect on people
and society or the environment. Natural hazards may have severe implications for human …

The ecosystem of the Baltic Sea is endangered by eutrophication. This has triggered
expensive international management efforts. Some of these efforts are impeded by natural …