Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is principally a mucosal disease and the
gastrointestinal (GI) tract is the major site of HIV replication. Loss of CD4+ T cells and …

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) disease is pandemic, with approximately 36
million infected individuals world-wide. For the vast majority of these individuals, untreated …

HIV elite controllers maintain a population of CD4+ T cells endowed with high avidity for Gag
antigens and potent effector functions. How these HIV-specific cells avoid infection and …

Background HIV-1-infected elite controllers or suppressors (ES) maintain undetectable viral
loads (< 50 copies/mL) without antiretroviral therapy. The mechanisms of suppression are …

The chemokine receptor CCR5 has been the focus of intensive studies since its role as a
coreceptor for HIV entry was discovered in 1996. These studies lead to the development of …

Elite suppressors (ES) are a rare population of HIV-infected individuals that are capable of
naturally controlling the infection without the use of highly active anti-retroviral therapy …

Background Several host-encoded antiviral factors suppress HIV-1 replication in a cell-
autonomous fashion in vitro. The relevance of these defenses to the control of HIV-1 in vivo …

How HIV controllers (HICs) maintain undetectable viremia without therapy is unknown. The
strong CD8+ T-cell HIV suppressive capacity found in many, but not all, HICs may contribute …

This review examines whether the exceptional HIV-infected elite controllers, who
spontaneously and durably maintain extremely low virus replication, might be considered as …

True long-term nonprogressors (LTNPs)/elite controllers (ECs) maintain durable control over
HIV replication without antiretroviral therapy. Herein we describe 4 unique persons who …