This review summarizes an expanding body of knowledge indicating that failure to resolve
inflammation and altered immune processes underlie the development of pulmonary arterial …

Major discoveries have been obtained within the last decade in the field of hereditary
predisposition to pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Among them, the identification of …

Rationale: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by vasoconstriction and
vascular remodeling. Recent studies have revealed that immune and inflammatory …

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by pulmonary vascular remodeling
of the precapillary pulmonary arteries, with excessive proliferation of vascular cells. Although …

Recent clinical and experimental studies are redefining the cellular and molecular bases of
pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The genetic abnormalities first identified in …

Inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-6 is elevated in the serum and lungs of patients with
pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH). Several animal models of PAH cite the potential role …

Inflammatory processes are prominent in various types of human and experimental
pulmonary hypertension (PH) and are increasingly recognized as major pathogenic …

IL-6 is a multifunctional proinflammatory cytokine that is elevated in the serum of patients
with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and can predict the survival of patients with …

Recent investigations have suggested that it might be possible to reverse the pathology of
pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), a disorder that can be rapidly progressive and fatal …

Differentiation and recruitment of alternatively activated macrophages (AAMacs) are
hallmarks of several inflammatory conditions associated with infection, allergy, diabetes, and …