Transport phenomena in spatially periodic systems far from thermal equilibrium are
considered. The main emphasis is put on directed transport in so-called Brownian motors …

Theoretical physics deals with physical models. The main requirements for a good physical
model are simplicity and universality. Universal models which can be applied to describe a …

We address the problem of the classical deterministic dynamics of a particle in a periodic
asymmetric potential of the ratchet type. We take into account the inertial term in order to …

We study stochastic transport of fluxons in superconductors by alternating current (ac)
rectification. Our simulated system provides a fluxon pump,“lens,” or fluxon “rectifier” …

Experimental observation of the unidirectional motion of a topological soliton driven by a
biharmonic ac force of zero mean is reported. The observation is made by measuring the …

We propose and study a novel way to produce a dc transport of vortices when applying an
ac electrical current to a sample. Specifically, we study superconductors with a graduated …

We report the observation of the ratchet effect for a relativistic flux quantum trapped in an
annular Josephson junction embedded in an inhomogeneous magnetic field. In such a solid …

We study the transport of vortices in superconductors with triangular arrays of boomerang-
or<? format?> V-shaped asymmetric pinning wells, when applying an alternating electrical …

Brownian motors are nonequilibrium systems that rectify thermal fluctuations to achieve
directed motion, using spatial or temporal asymmetry. We provide a tutorial introduction to …

We investigate experimentally a Josephson vortex ratchet—a fluxon in an asymmetric
periodic potential driven by a deterministic force with zero time average. The highly …