The conservation of bison in Yellowstone National Park, from near extinction in the late 19th
century to a recent high of 5000, has led to long-term societal conflict regarding perceived …

Wildlife Feeding and Nutrition is the fifth in a series of books on animal feeding and nutrition.
It fills a serious gap in the wildlife and animal nutrition literature by providing a discussion of …

The innate immune system recognizes pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)
that are expressed on infectious agents, but not on the host. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) …

Summary 1 Nutrition influences most aspects of animal ecology: juvenile growth rates and
adult mass gain, body condition, probability of pregnancy, over‐winter survival, timing of …

Climatic oscillations as reflected in atmospheric modes such as the North Atlantic Oscillation
(NAO) may be seen as a proxy for regulating forces in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems …

The forage maturation hypothesis (FMH) proposes that ungulate migration is driven by
selection for high forage quality. Because quality declines with plant maturation, but intake …

Recent declines in numbers and juvenile recruitment in many elk (Cervus elaphus) herds in
the western US has sparked interest in factors that may cause these declines. Inadequate …

Models of climate change predict that global temperatures and precipitation will increase
within the next century, with the most pronounced changes occurring in northern latitudes …

Birds that migrate long distances use stopover sites to optimize fuel loads and complete
migration as quickly as possible. Stopover use has been predicted to facilitate a time …

Recreation ecology, the study of environmental consequences of outdoor recreation
activities and their effective management, is a relatively new field of scientific study having …