Is the establishment of new Confucius Institutes (CIs) in African countries motivated by
resource seeking? We focus on uncovering new empirical evidence about the establishment …

Confucius Institutes are one of the major ways China invests Soft-Power in the world. This
paper will examine the Confucius Institutes in universities in Arabic speaking countries from …

Diplomacy is often presented as subordinated to politics as if it merely received politically
willed 'inputs' to produce politically structured 'outputs'. However, diplomacy often deviates …

This study examines whether and how green overseas economic engagement impacts
public perception in host countries as a form of soft power. We build an extensive country …

In the field of international education and development, International Language and Culture
Promotion Organisations (ILCPOs) have played an important part for more than a century …

This report was prepared by Samantha Custer, Mihir Prakash, Jonathan A. Solis, Rodney
Knight, and Joyce Jiahui Lin (AidData, William & Mary). The findings and conclusions of this …

Past research has suggested that diplomacy can play a significant role as a mechanism to
pave the way for multinational enterprises (MNEs) in foreign countries. Drawing on the …

As a rising great power, China is expanding its activities and interests globally, including in
the region of Latin America. Since the beginning of the 21st century, Chinese trade and …

In recent years, China has been using its soft power (most notably, the establishment of
Confucius Institutes) to influence public opinion in foreign countries. However, the literature …

This paper documents the spread of national cultural institutes (CI's). We first build a data set
of 32 cultural institutes that have foreign offices abroad. Using multiple primary sources, we …