Volcanic eruptions can be catastrophic events, particularly when they occur in inhabited
coastal environments. They also play important roles in climate and biogeochemical cycles …

We summarize major findings and best-practice recommendations from three Volcano
Observatory Best Practices (VOBP) workshops, which were held in 2011, 2013 and 2016 …

Most of the world's 1500 active volcanoes are not instrumentally monitored, resulting in
deadly eruptions which can occur without observation of precursory activity. The new …

Volcanoes can produce far-reaching hazards that extend distances of tens or hundreds of
kilometres in large eruptions, or in certain conditions for smaller eruptions. About a tenth of …

A primary goal of volcanology is forecasting hazardous eruptive activity. Despite much
progress over the last century, however, volcanoes still erupt with no detected precursors …

Volcanic activity is always accompanied by the transfer of heat from the Earth's crust to the
atmosphere. This heat can be measured from space and its measurement is a very useful …

Volcanic ash emissions impact atmospheric processes, depositional ecosystems, human
health, and global climate. These effects are sensitive to the size and composition of the ash; …

A forensic analysis of fatalities and displacements from recent volcanic eruptions (1986–
2015) provides insights into factors that influence actions to protect life in high-risk …

Satellite monitoring of volcanic activity typically includes four primary observations:(1)
deformation and surface change,(2) gas emissions,(3) thermal anomalies, and (4) ash …

Owing to practical limitations less than half of Earth's 1400 subaerial volcanoes have no
ground monitoring and few are monitored consistently. Earth-observing satellite missions …