Various toxic compounds disrupt bacterial physiology. While bacteria harbor defense
mechanisms to mitigate the toxicity, these mechanisms are often coupled to the …

Bacterial genomes encode various multidrug efflux pumps (MDR) whose specific conditions
for fitness advantage are unknown. We show that the efflux pump MdtEF-TolC, in …

A small subpopulation of Vibrio splendidus AJ01 that was exposed to tetracycline at 10
times the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) still survived, named tetracycline-induced …

The increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance has become a global health problem.
Acinetobacter baumannii is an important nosocomial pathogen due to its capacity to persist …

Tetracycline is a commonly used human and veterinary antibiotic that is mostly discharged
into environment and thereby tetracycline‐resistant bacteria are widely isolated. To combat …

Induction of the AR2 acid response system of Escherichia coli occurs at a moderately low pH
(pH 5.5) and leads to high levels of resistance to pH levels below 2.5 in the presence of …

Textbooks of biochemistry will explain that the otherwise endergonic reactions of ATP
synthesis can be driven by the exergonic reactions of respiratory electron transport, and that …

Our previous work demonstrated that two commonly used fluorescent dyes that were
accumulated by wild-type Escherichia coli MG1655 were differentially transported in single …

Benzoic acid, a partial uncoupler of the proton motive force (PMF), selects for sensitivity to
chloramphenicol and tetracycline during the experimental evolution of Escherichia coli K-12 …

Understanding the resistance mechanisms of antibiotics in the micro-environment of the
infection is important to assess their clinical applicability and potentially prevent resistance …