Under a shortage of oxygen, bacterial growth can be faced mainly by two ATP-generating
mechanisms:(i) by synthesis of specific high-affinity terminal oxidases that allow bacteria to …

Abstract Iron–sulfur (Fe–S) cluster containing proteins that regulate gene expression are
present in most organisms. The innate chemistry of their Fe–S cofactors makes these …

The genome has traditionally been treated as a Read-Only Memory (ROM) subject to
change by copying errors and accidents. In this review, I propose that we need to change …

Biological nitrogen fixation plays a crucial role in the nitrogen cycle. An ability to fix
atmospheric nitrogen, reducing it to ammonium, was described for multiple species of …

Iron-binding transcription factors are widespread throughout the bacterial world and to date
are known to bind several types of cofactors, such as Fe2+, heme, or iron–sulfur clusters …

Regulation by oxygen (O2) in rhizobia is essential for their symbioses with plants and
involves multiple O2 sensing proteins. Three sensors exist in the pea microsymbiont …

Bacterial denitrification is a respiratory process that is a major source and sink of the potent
greenhouse gas nitrous oxide. Many denitrifying bacteria can adjust to life in both oxic and …

Numerous thiol‐reactive compounds cause oxidative stress where cells counteract by
activation of survival strategies regulated by thiol‐based sensors. In Streptomyces …

Abstract Significance: The Escherichia coli regulatory protein fumarate nitrate reduction
(FNR) mediates a global transcriptional response upon O2 deprivation. Spanning nearly 40 …

A protein superfamily contains distantly related proteins that have acquired diverse
biological functions through a long evolutionary history. Phylogenetic analysis of the early …