Background: Preclinical studies, clinical trials, and reviews suggest increasing 3', 5'-cyclic
adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and 3', 5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) with …

Schizophrenia is a major mental illness characterized by positive and negative symptoms,
and by cognitive deficit. Although cognitive impairment is disabling for patients, it has been …

Both thymoquinone (TQ) and thymol (T) have been proved to possess a positive impact on
human health. In this research, we aimed to investigate the effect of these compounds …

Vinpocetine (VPN) is an ethyl apovincaminate that has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant
effects by inhibiting the expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and …

While neurotransmitter dysfunction represents a key component in mental illnesses, there is
now a wide agreement for a central pathophysiological hub that includes hormones …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating illness with limited therapeutic interventions. The
aim of this study is to investigate the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying AD and …

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with complex etiology
and phenotypes. Phosphodiesterase‐1 (PDE1) inhibitors are known to provide benefits in …

The growth cone guides the axon or dendrite of striatal GABAergic projection neurons that
protrude into the midbrain and cortex and form complex neuronal circuits and synaptic …

Ketamine is a noncompetitive antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Many
experimental studies have shown that ketamine can induce cognitive impairments and …

Curcumin as an antioxidant natural herb has shown numerous pharmacological effects.
However, the poor bioavailability of curcumin is a significant pharmacological barrier for its …