There is substantial variation between individuals in the immune response to vaccination. In
this review, we provide an overview of the plethora of studies that have investigated factors …

Abstract The World Health Organization (WHO) African Region has approximately 100
million people with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. This review describes the status …

Background Multiple vaccine candidates against COVID-19 are currently being evaluated.
We evaluate the safety and immunogenicity protein of a novel SARS-CoV-2 virus receptor …

After several decades of vaccination against hepatitis B virus in newborns, infants,
adolescents, and adults, the question remains whether a booster dose is ever needed. Long …

Since 1982, safe and effective hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccines have been commercially
available first derived from plasma of HBV infected persons and later from yeast cells using …

More than 360 million persons worldwide (6% of the world population) are chronically
infected by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). Although the incidence of HBV infection has …

Background Despite the introduction of immunisation for hepatitis B virus (HBV) in the
1990s, HBV-related morbidity and mortality remain high in sub-Saharan Africa. Identification …

Background The duration of protection in children and adults (including health care workers)
resulting from the hepatitis B vaccine primary series is unknown Methods To determine the …

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) immunization is safe and has been accepted worldwide as a routine
practice. The target of such vaccination is to induce the immune response in the host …

Background The natural history of chronic HBV infection in sub-Saharan Africa is unknown.
Data are required to inform WHO guidelines that are currently based on studies in Europe …