Antimicrobials are among the most important and commonly prescribed drugs in the
management of critically ill patients and beta-lactams are the most common antibiotic class …

An optimal antimicrobial dose provides enough drug to achieve a clinical response while
minimizing toxicity and development of drug resistance. There can be considerable …

Objectives To describe the achievement of unbound β-lactam antibiotic concentration
targets in a therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) programme in critically ill patients, and the …

Purpose An understanding of the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD)
principles that determine response to antimicrobial therapy can provide the clinician with …

Because of increasing antimicrobial resistance and the shortage of new antibiotics, there is
a growing need to optimize the use of old and new antibiotics. Modelling of the …

Purpose To concisely describe the current standards of care, major recent advances,
common beliefs that have been contradicted by recent trials, areas of uncertainty, and …

Sepsis is a medical emergency and life-threatening condition due to a dysregulated host
response to infection, which is time-dependent and associated with unacceptably high …

Purpose Standard dosing and intermittent bolus application (IB) are important risk factors for
pharmacokinetic (PK) target non-attainment during empirical treatment with β-lactams in …

Highlights•Augmented renal clearance (ARC) is a prevalent condition in the critically
ill.•ARC may result in sub-therapeutic exposure of renally eliminated antibiotics.•Beta …

Objective: Piperacillin-tazobactam is a commonly used antibiotic in critically ill patients;
however, controversy exists as to whether mortality in serious infections can be decreased …