Glaucoma, a progressive optic neuropathy characterized by retinal ganglion cell
degeneration and visual field loss, is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide …

Glaucoma is a neuropathic disease that causes optic nerve damage, loss of retinal ganglion
cells (RGCs), and visual field defects. Most glaucoma patients have no early signs or …

The visual system has one of the most complex structures of all sensory systems and is
perhaps the most important sense for everyday life. Its functional organization was …

Retinal degenerative diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa cause a progressive loss of
photoreceptors that eventually prevents the affected person from perceiving visual …

The peripheral nervous system (PNS) of mammals and nervous systems of lower organisms
possess significant regenerative potential. In contrast, although neural plasticity can provide …

Non-invasive electrical stimulation (ES) is increasingly applied to improve vision in
untreatable eye conditions, such as retinitis pigmentosa and age-related macular …

Non-invasive electric stimulation (ES) employing a low-intensity electric current presents a
potential therapeutic modality that can be applied for treating retinal and brain …

Objective. Trans-corneal electrical stimulation (TcES) produces therapeutic effects on many
ophthalmic diseases non-invasively. Existing clinical TcES devices use largely variable …

Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death is the central and irreversible endpoint of optic
neuropathies. Current management of optic neuropathies and glaucoma focuses on …

Purpose: Neurons carry electrical signals and communicate via electrical activities. The
therapeutic potential of electrical stimulation (ES) for the nervous system, including the …