Nanotechnology offers many advantages in various fields of science. In this regard,
nanoparticles are the essential building blocks of nanotechnology. Recent advances in …

The unique ability of carbon atoms to participate in robust covalent bonds with other carbon
atoms in diverse hybridization states (sp, sp 2, sp 3) or with nonmetallic elements enables …

The most emerging branch in pharmaceutical sciences known as “Pharmaceutical
nanotechnology” presents new tools, opportunities and scope, which are expected to have …

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) employs the combination of nontoxic photosensitizers and
visible light that is absorbed by the chromophore to produce long-lived triplet states that can …

Nanomedicine is the manipulation of human biological systems at the molecular level using
nanoscale or nanostructured materials. Because nanoscale materials interact effectively …

Current modalities of diagnosis and treatment of various diseases, especially cancer have
major limitations such as poor sensitivity or specificity and drug toxicities respectively. Newer …

Nano-based systems can be used to transport active medicinal products to specific parts of
the body. Most challenges with drug delivery, such as low water solubility and poor …

More than 50 years of efforts to identify the major cytokine responsible for red blood cell
(RBC) production (erythropoiesis) led to the identification of erythropoietin (EPO) in 1977 …

Fullerenes are among the strongest antioxidants and are characterized as “radical
sponges.” The research on biomedicinal applications of fullerenes has achieved significant …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is second most common neurodegenerative disorder worldwide.
Although drugs and surgery can relieve the symptoms of PD, these therapies are incapable …