We present two narratives on the future of Antarctica and the Southern Ocean, from the
perspective of an observer looking back from 2070. In the first scenario, greenhouse gas …

Abstract The Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) is out of equilibrium with the current anthropogenic‐
enhanced climate forcing. Paleoenvironmental records and ice sheet models reveal that the …

2 Chapter 2 assesses observed large-scale changes in climate system drivers, key climate
indicators and 3 principal modes of variability. Chapter 3 considers model performance and …

The last interglaciation (LIG, 129 to 116 thousand years ago) was the most recent time in
Earth's history when global mean sea level was substantially higher than it is at present …

Abstract The last interglacial (LIG;~ 130 to~ 118 thousand years ago, ka) was the last time
global sea level rose well above the present level. Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) contributions …

Stable water isotopes are employed as hydrological tracers to quantify the diverse
implications of atmospheric moisture for climate. They are widely used as proxies for …

Abstract During the Last Interglacial (LIG; 129-116 thousand years before present), the
Antarctic ice sheet (AIS) was 1 to 7 m sea level equivalent smaller than at pre-industrial …

Dramatic changes in sea ice have been observed in both poles in recent decades. However,
the observational period for sea ice is short, and the climate models tasked with predicting …

Succession of cold glacials and warm interglacials during the Quaternary results from large
global climate responses to variable orbital configurations, accompanied by fluctuating …

The marine-based West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) is considered vulnerable to irreversible
collapse under future climate trajectories, and its tipping point may lie within the mitigated …