There is increasing recognition of the importance of both the microbiome and vitamin D in
states of health and disease. Microbiome studies have already demonstrated unique …

Prosperous advances in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of chronic
inflammation and airway remodeling in asthma have been made over the past several …

Ubiquitination is a critical type of post-translational modifications, of which K63-linked
ubiquitination regulates interaction, translocation, and activation of proteins. In recent years …

Lungs are important respiratory organs primarily involved in gas exchange. Lungs interact
directly with the environment and their primary function is affected by several inflammatory …

Food allergies are an increasing health problem worldwide. They are multifactorial
diseases, in which the genome alone does not explain the development of the disease, but …

Asthma, a chronic respiratory disease involving variable airflow limitations, exhibits two
phenotypes: eosinophilic and neutrophilic. The asthma phenotype must be considered …

Novel methods in immunological research and microbiome evaluation have dramatically
changed several paradigms associated with the pathogenesis of allergic asthma (AAS) …

Memory-like responses in innate immune cells confer nonspecific protection against
secondary exposures. A number of microbial agents have been found to induce enhanced …

Abstract T helper (Th) 9 cells, characterized by robust secretion of IL‐9, have been
increasingly associated with allergic diseases. However, whether and how Th9 cells are …

Abstract T helper 9 (Th9) cells, a subset of CD4+ T helper cells, have emerged as a valuable
target for immune cell therapy due to their potential to induce immunomodulation and …