Tumors are comprised of both cancer cells and surrounding stromal components. As an
essential part of the tumor microenvironment, the tumor stroma is highly dynamic …

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common cancer, with its
incidence rising steeply. Immunosuppression is a well-established risk factor for cSCC, and …

The NCCN Guidelines for Squamous Cell Skin Cancer provide recommendations for
diagnostic workup, clinical stage, and treatment options for patients with cutaneous …

Background Actinic keratoses (AK) are rough scaly patches that arise on chronically
ultraviolet-exposed skin and can progress to keratinocyte carcinoma. Objective This analysis …

Novel pathways of vitamin D3, lumisterol 3 (L3), and tachysterol 3 (T3) activation have been
discovered, initiated by CYP11A1 and/or CYP27A1 in the case of L3 and T3. The resulting …

Type 2 immune responses operate under varying conditions in distinct tissue environments
and are crucial for protection against helminth infections and for the maintenance of tissue …

Abstract Treatment of actinic keratoses (AKs) can help lower the risk of eventual skin cancer
and address field pre-cancerization. This review compares the different therapeutic options …

Cancer development is a complex process driven by inherited and acquired molecular and
cellular alterations. Prevention is the holy grail of cancer elimination, but making this a reality …

Vitamin D is considered an essential micronutrient for human health that is metabolized into
a multifunctional secosteroid hormone. We can synthesize it in the skin through ultraviolet B …

Vitamin D3 is the precursor of the steroid hormone calcitriol (1α, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), a
potent agonist of the transcription factor vitamin D receptor (VDR). Calcitriol has received …