The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is a glucose-oxidizing pathway that runs in parallel
to upper glycolysis to produce ribose 5-phosphate and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide …

An unanswered question in human health is whether antioxidation prevents or promotes
cancer. Antioxidation has historically been viewed as chemopreventive, but emerging …

Reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species are biological molecules that play
important roles in cardiovascular physiology and contribute to disease initiation …

Reactive oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur species, referred to as ROS, RNS, and RSS,
respectively, are produced during normal cell function and in response to various stimuli. An …

Redox signaling refers to the specific and usually reversible oxidation/reduction modification
of molecules involved in cellular signaling pathways. In the heart, redox signaling regulates …

This review focuses on the role of oxidative processes in atherosclerosis and its resultant
cardiovascular events. There is now a consensus that atherosclerosis represents a state of …

Sulfhydryl chemistry plays a vital role in normal biology and in defense of cells against
oxidants, free radicals, and electrophiles. Modification of critical cysteine residues is an …

The heart has complex mechanisms that facilitate the maintenance of an oxygen supply–
demand balance necessary for its contractile function in response to physiological …

Abstract I. Introduction 00 II. Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species 00 III. Biological
Markers of Oxidative/Nitrosative Stress 00 IV. Oxidative/Nitrosative Stress and Protein …

Reversible protein S-glutathionylation (protein-SSG) is an important post-translational
modification, providing protection of protein cysteines from irreversible oxidation and serving …