The history of brain drug delivery is reviewed beginning with the first demonstration, in 1914,
that a drug for syphilis, salvarsan, did not enter the brain, due to the presence of a blood …

Polymeric materials have been used in a range of pharmaceutical and biotechnology
products for more than 40 years. These materials have evolved from their earlier use as …

Efficient processing of information by the central nervous system (CNS) represents an
important evolutionary advantage. Thus, homeostatic mechanisms have developed that …

The filamentous bacteriophage fd bind a cell target with exquisite specificity through its few
copies of display peptides, whereas nanoparticles functionalized with hundreds to …

The relative impermeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) results from tight junctions and
efflux transport systems limits drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS), and thus …

The surface of a cell represents a collection of macromolecules, which provides the cell with
a unique cellular landscape specific to the type and state of the cell. Ligands that …

Central nervous system (CNS) diseases are among the most difficult to treat, mainly
because the vast majority of the drugs fail to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) or to reach …

Therapeutic antibodies have essentially been banned from the central nervous system, and
are so far limited to use mainly in multiple sclerosis. This is primarily due to the fact that …

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) limits the delivery of therapeutics to the brain but also
represents the main gate for nutrient entrance. Targeting the natural transport mechanisms …

Viruses lacking the capacity to infect mammals exhibit minimal toxicity, good
biocompatibility, and well-defined structures. As self-organized biomolecular assemblies …