Iron (Fe) is the fourth most abundant element in the earth's crust and plays important roles in
both biological and chemical processes. The redox reactivity of various Fe (II) forms has …

Depicted as large polymers by the traditional model, humic substances (HS) tend to be
considered resistant to biodegradation. However, HS should be regarded as …

There has been considerable interest in the use of persulfate for in situ chemical oxidation of
organic contaminants in soils, sediments, and groundwater. Since humic acid (HA) exists …

HUMIC substances are heterogeneous high-molecular-weight organic materials which are
ubiquitous in terrestrial and aquatic environments. They are resistant to microbial …

Organic halides are very important and versatile compounds with many applications as
starting materials, solvents, reagents, and intermediates in synthetic organic chemistry. 1 …

The possibility that quinones serve as electron-accepting moieties when microorganisms
transfer electrons to humic substances was investigated. Humic substances from a variety of …

During the last two decades, extensive research has explored the catalytic effects of different
organic molecules with redox mediating properties on the anaerobic (bio) transformation of …

The potential for humic substances to serve as a terminal electron acceptor in microbial
respiration and to function as an electron shuttle between Fe (III)‐reducing microorganisms …

Exocellular electron transfer plays an important role in anaerobic microbial communities that
degrade organic matter. Interspecies hydrogen transfer between microorganisms is the …

Activated carbon (AC) has a long history of applications in environmental technology as an
adsorbent of pollutants for the purification of drinking waters and wastewaters. Here we …