Hydrochar derived from municipal sludge through hydrothermal processing: A critical review on its formation, characterization, and valorization

H Liu, IA Basar, A Nzihou, C Eskicioglu - Water research, 2021 - Elsevier
Additional options for the sustainable treatment of municipal sludge are required due to the
significant amounts of sludge, high levels of nutrients (eg, C, N, and P), and trace …

Management of biological sewage sludge: Fertilizer nitrogen recovery as the solution to fertilizer crisis

K Chojnacka, D Skrzypczak, D Szopa… - Journal of environmental …, 2023 - Elsevier
In the current situation of a serious raw material crisis related to the disruption of supply
chains, the bioeconomy is of particular significance. Rising prices and the problem with the …

A review on fast hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass

J Ni, L Qian, Y Wang, B Zhang, H Gu, Y Hu, Q Wang - Fuel, 2022 - Elsevier
Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is one of the most promising processes for the production of
liquid biofuel as it can directly and efficiently convert wet biomass into biocrude with high …

Recent advances in hydrothermal liquefaction of manure wastes into value-added products

Q Liu, G Kong, G Zhang, T Cao, K Wang… - Energy Conversion and …, 2023 - Elsevier
The rapid human development is requiring extensive energy and meat demands, leading to
an increasingly serious energy and environment crisis caused by the large consumption of …

[HTML][HTML] Wet oxidation of aqueous phase from hydrothermal liquefaction of sewage sludge

LBS Thomsen, K Anastasakis, P Biller - Water Research, 2022 - Elsevier
Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a thermochemical process for the conversion of biomass
into bio-crude oil. However, treatment of post-HTL aqueous by-products is an emerging …

Hydrothermal liquefaction of municipal sludge and its products applications

Y Wei, D Xu, M Xu, P Zheng, L Fan, L Leng… - Science of The Total …, 2024 - Elsevier
Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is an effective medium-temperature, high-pressure
thermochemical process to dispose municipal sludge (MS), and biocrude (a crude bio-oil) is …

Impact of biochar supported nano zero-valent iron on anaerobic co-digestion of sewage sludge and food waste: Methane production, performance stability and …

M Zhang, Y Wang - Bioresource Technology, 2021 - Elsevier
This work evaluates the effects of biochar supported nano zero-valent iron (nZVI-BC) on
anaerobic co-digestion (co-AD) of sewage sludge and food waste. Kinetic model analysis …

Incorporating hydrothermal liquefaction into wastewater treatment–Part II: Characterization, environmental impacts, and potential applications of hydrochar

H Liu, N Lyczko, A Nzihou, C Eskicioglu - Journal of Cleaner Production, 2023 - Elsevier
Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a promising technique for renewable biofuel (biocrude)
production from municipal sludge. However, its solid byproduct, hydrochar, requires …

Evaluation of on-site biological treatment options for hydrothermal liquefaction aqueous phase derived from sludge in municipal wastewater treatment plants

IA Basar, A Stokes, C Eskicioglu - Water Research, 2024 - Elsevier
Aerobic treatment, mesophilic anaerobic digestion, thermophilic anaerobic digestion, and
dark fermentation were evaluated for on-site biological treatment of municipal sludge …

Incorporating hydrothermal liquefaction into wastewater treatment–Part I: Process optimization for energy recovery and evaluation of product distribution

H Liu, IA Basar, N Lyczko, A Nzihou… - Chemical Engineering …, 2022 - Elsevier
The treatment of significant amounts of municipal sewage sludge requires novel and
efficient technologies. This study evaluated hydrothermal liquefaction as a means to …