The calcium ion (Ca2+) is the simplest and most versatile intracellular messenger known.
The discovery of Ca2+ sparks and a related family of elementary Ca2+ signaling events has …

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is commonly associated with heart failure. A bidirectional relationship
exists between the two—AF exacerbates heart failure causing a significant increase in heart …

The goal of systems biology is to relate events at the molecular level to more integrated
scales from organelle to cell, tissue, and living organism. Here, we review how normal and …

Calgranulin C (S100A12) is a member of the S100 family of proteins that undergoes a
conformational change upon calcium binding allowing them to interact with target molecules …

Alternans of cardiac repolarization is associated with arrhythmias and sudden death. At the
cellular level, alternans involves beat-to-beat oscillation of the action potential (AP) and …

Cardiac alternans refers to a condition in which there is a periodic beat‐to‐beat oscillation in
electrical activity and the strength of cardiac muscle contraction at a constant heart rate …

Spatially discordant alternans, where the action potential duration (APD) and intracellular
calcium transient (Cai) alternate with opposite phase in different regions of tissue, is known …

Cardiac alternans is a recognized risk factor for cardiac arrhythmia and sudden cardiac
death. At the cellular level, Ca2+ alternans appears as cytosolic Ca2+ transients of …

Obesity and insulin resistance are associated with enhanced fatty acid utilization, which may
play a central role in diabetic cardiomyopathy. We now assess the effect of the saturated …

Alternans, a condition in which there is a beat-to-beat alternation in the electromechanical
response of a periodically stimulated cardiac cell, has been linked to the genesis of life …