Cephalopods are extraordinary molluscs equipped with vertebrate‐like intelligence and a
unique buoyancy system for locomotion. A growing body of evidence from the fossil record …

The interrelationships and evolutionary history of molluscs have seen great advances in the
last decade. Recent phylogenetic studies have allowed alternative morphology‐based …

Molluscs comprise the second largest phylum of animals (after arthropods), occurring in
virtually all habitats. Some are commercially important, a few are pests and some carry …

Traditional analyses of Early Phanerozoic marine diversity at the genus level show an
explosive radiation of marine life until the Late Ordovician, followed by a phase of erratic …

Coleoid cephalopod molluscs comprise squid, cuttlefish and octopuses, and represent
nearly the entire diversity of modern cephalopods. Sophisticated adaptations such as the …

Heteromorphs are ammonoids forming a conch with detached whorls (open coiling) or non‐
planispiral coiling. Such aberrant forms appeared convergently four times within this extinct …

A review of fossil evidence supports a pelagic mode of life (in the water column) of
ammonoids, but they may have spent their life close to the seabottom (demersal) …

Background Despite the excellent fossil record of cephalopods, their early evolution is
poorly understood. Different, partly incompatible phylogenetic hypotheses have been …

Abstract During the Devonian Nekton Revolution, ammonoids show a progressive coiling of
their shell just like many other pelagic mollusk groups. These now extinct, externally shelled …

Cephalopods are a large and ancient group of marine animals with complex brains. Forms
extant today are equipped with brains, sensors, and effectors that allow them not to just exist …