We are in the midst of a golden age of uncovering defense systems against bacteriophages.
Apart from the fundamental interest in these defense systems, and revolutionary applications …

Restriction-modification (RM) systems are ubiquitous and are often considered primitive
immune systems in bacteria. Their diversity and prevalence across the prokaryotic kingdom …

To contend with the diversity and ubiquity of bacteriophages and other mobile genetic
elements, bacteria have developed an arsenal of immune defence mechanisms. Bacterial …

The roles of restriction-modification (RM) systems in providing immunity against horizontal
gene transfer (HGT) and in stabilizing mobile genetic elements (MGEs) have been much …

Bacteria, the most abundant organisms on the planet, are outnumbered by a factor of 10 to 1
by phages that infect them. Faced with the rapid evolution and turnover of phage particles …

Bacteria have a range of distinct immune strategies that provide protection against
bacteriophage (phage) infections. While much has been learned about the mechanism of …

The use of phage or phage products in food production has recently become an option for
the food industry as a novel method for biocontrol of unwanted pathogens, enhancing the …

Restriction–modification (RM) systems are composed of genes that encode a restriction
enzyme and a modification methylase. RM systems sometimes behave as discrete units of …

The DNA base modification N 6-methyladenine (m6A) is involved in many pathways related
to the survival of bacteria and their interactions with hosts. Nanopore sequencing offers a …

Methylation of cytosines and adenines in DNA is a widespread epigenetic mark in both
prokaryotes and eukaryotes. In eukaryotes, it has a profound influence on chromatin …