That senescence is rarely, if ever, observed in natural populations is an oft-quoted fallacy
within bio-gerontology. We identify the roots of this fallacy in the otherwise seminal works of …

Empirical evidence for declines in fitness components (survival and reproductive
performance) with age has recently accumulated in wild populations, highlighting that the …

Birds have been comprehensively assessed on the International Union for Conservation of
Nature (IUCN) Red List more times than any other taxonomic group. However, to date …

In human populations, women consistently outlive men, which suggests profound biological
foundations for sex differences in survival. Quantifying whether such sex differences are also …

Chronic activation of the stress axis caused by long‐term uncontrollable and unpredictable
factors in the environment has been regarded as causing maladaptive and/or pathological …

Research programmes on oxidative stress and hormesis are wide ranging. Biomedical and
toxicological sciences have traditionally centralised such research, but in the last years we …

The idea that resources are limited and animals can maximise fitness by trading costly
activities off against one another forms the basis of life-history theory. Although investment in …

In studies of population ecology, demography and life history evolution, among-individual
differences in traits associated with survival and reproduction are often attributed to variation …

According to recent empirical studies, reproductive senescence, the decline in reproductive
success with increasing age, seems to be nearly ubiquitous in the wild. However, a clear …

Vital rates of large herbivores normally respond to increased resource limitation by following
a progressive sequence of effects on life‐history characteristics from survival of young, age …