Cancer is an abnormal state of cells where they undergo uncontrolled proliferation and
produce aggressive malignancies that causes millions of deaths every year. With the new …

Abstract The international American Joint Committee on Cancer/Union for International
Cancer Control (AJCC/UICC) tumour-node-metastasis (TNM) staging system provides the …

Cancer immunotherapy works by stimulating and strengthening the body's anti-tumor
immune response to eliminate cancer cells. Over the past few decades, immunotherapy has …

Most cancer biologists still rely on conventional two-dimensional (2D) monolayer culture
techniques to test in vitro anti-tumor drugs prior to in vivo testing. However, the vast majority …

Background Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) were originally thought to be formed by
neutrophils to trap invading microorganisms as a defense mechanism. Increasing studies …

Cell membrane-coated (CMC) mimics are micro/nanosystems that combine an isolated cell
membrane and a template of choice to mimic the functions of a cell. The design exploits its …

Rather than primary solid tumors, metastasis is one of the hallmarks of most cancer deaths.
Metastasis is a multistage event in which cancer cells escape from the primary tumor survive …

Macrophages are the most important phagocytes in vivo. However, the tumor
microenvironment can affect the function and polarization of macrophages and form tumor …

Background Pomalidomide and dexamethasone is a standard of care for patients with
multiple myeloma in whom bortezomib and lenalidomide treatment has failed. KEYNOTE …

Recent technological advancements in testing and monitoring instrumentation have greatly
contributed to the progress in cancer treatment by surgical, chemotherapeutic and …