Autonomous robots are expected to perform a wide range of sophisticated tasks in complex,
unknown environments. However, available onboard computing capabilities and algorithms …

A wide variety of insects use spatial memories in behaviours like holding a position in air or
flowing water, in returning to a place of safety, and in foraging. The Hymenoptera, in …

For many robotics applications, it is desirable to have relatively low-power and efficient
onboard solutions. We took inspiration from insects, such as ants, that are capable of …

Ants, like many other animals, use visual memory to follow extended routes through complex
environments, but it is unknown how their small brains implement this capability. The …

Prior to leaving home, insects acquire visual landmark information through a series of well-
choreographed walks or flights of learning [1–4]. This information allows them to pinpoint …

Highlights•Visual and multimodal memory of locations could be stored in the mushroom
bodies.•Central complex provides aspatial reference frame for integration of directional …

The purpose of this article is to review and evaluate the range of theories proposed to
explain findings on the use of geometry in reorientation. We consider five key approaches …

Navigational mechanisms have been characterized as servomechanisms. A navigational
servomechanism specifies a goal state to strive for. Discrepancies between the perceived …

Insect navigation arises from the coordinated action of concurrent guidance systems but the
neural mechanisms through which each functions, and are then coordinated, remains …

Animals navigate a wide range of distances, from a few millimeters to globe-spanning
journeys of thousands of kilometers. Despite this array of navigational challenges, similar …