Abstract The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is still spreading worldwide
over 2 years since its outbreak. The psychopathological implications in COVID-19 survivors …

The tryptophan–kynurenine pathway (Trp–KYN) is the major route for tryptophan conversion
in the brain and in the periphery. Kynurenines display a wide range of biological actions …

Depressive disorders can affect up to 350 million people worldwide, and in developed
countries, the percentage of patients with depressive disorders may be as high as 10 …

Worldwide, the incidence of major depressive disorder (MDD) is increasing annually,
resulting in greater economic and social burdens. Moreover, the pathological mechanisms …

Abstract Background Aberrant tryptophan (Trp)-kynurenine (Kyn) metabolism has been
implicated in the pathogenesis of human disease. In particular, populations with long-term …

Background There is now evidence that affective disorders including major depressive
disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) are mediated by immune-inflammatory and nitro …

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is widely accepted as having a heterogenous
pathophysiology involving a complex mixture of systemic and CNS processes. A …

Both preclinical and clinical studies implicate functional impairments of several neuroactive
metabolites of the kynurenine pathway (KP), the major degradative cascade of the essential …

Kynurenic acid (KynA) and quinolinic acid (QA) are neuroactive kynurenine pathway (KP)
metabolites that have neuroprotective and neurotoxic properties, respectively. At least partly …

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is
defined as chronic inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. Notably, more than 20% of …