Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disorder that leads to disability and affects
more than 500 million population worldwide. OA was believed to be caused by the wearing …

There is a worldwide epidemic of skeletal diseases causing not only a public health issue
but also accounting for a sizable portion of healthcare expenditures. The vertebrate skeleton …

Abstract Purpose of Review Arthritis defines a large group of diseases primarily affecting the
joint. It is the leading cause of pain and disability in adults. Osteoarthritis (OA) affecting the …

Cartilage not only plays essential roles in skeletal development and growth during pre-and
postnatal stages but also serves to provide smooth movement of skeletons throughout life …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease, and the mechanism of its pathogenesis is
poorly understood. Recent human genetic association studies showed that mutations in the …

Objective Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease whose molecular mechanism is
currently unknown. Wnt/β‐catenin signaling has been demonstrated to play a critical role in …

Owing to the rapid aging of society, the numbers of patients with joint disease continue to
increase. Accordingly, a large number of patients require appropriate treatment for …

Activation and disruption of Wnt/β-catenin signaling both result in cartilage breakdown via
unknown mechanisms. Here we show that both WNT-3A and the Wnt inhibitor DKK1 …

Articular cartilage is formed at the end of epiphyses in the synovial joint cavity and
permanently contributes to the smooth movement of synovial joints. Most skeletal elements …

Lrp4 is a multifunctional member of the low density lipoprotein-receptor gene family and a
modulator of extracellular cell signaling pathways in development. For example, Lrp4 binds …