Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and the factors responsible for its
progression need to be elucidated. Exosomes are structures with an average size of 100 nm …

Having a hypoxic microenvironment is a common and salient feature of most solid tumors.
Hypoxia has a profound effect on the biological behavior and malignant phenotype of …

Hypoxia is a remarkable trait of the tumor microenvironment (TME). When facing selective
pressure, tumor cells show various adaptive characteristics, such as changes in the …

Central nervous system (CNS) diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease
(AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD), affect millions of people around the world. Great efforts …

Gliomas are complex and heterogeneous brain tumors with poor prognosis. Glioma cells
can communicate with their surroundings to create a tumor-permissive microenvironment …

Exosomes are emerging as important elements that participate in intercellular
communication and tumor microenvironment modulation, but the exact mechanisms by …

Exosomes participate in intercellular communication and glioma microenvironment
modulation, but the exact mechanisms by which glioma-derived exosomes (GDEs) promote …

Plenty of immune cells infiltrate into the tumor microenvironment (TME) during tumor
progression, in which myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) represent a …

During malignant transformation, accumulated somatic mutations endow cancer cells with
increased invasiveness and immunogenicity. Under selective pressure, these highly …

Exosomes are membranous structures secreted by nearly all cell types. As critical
messengers for intercellular communication, exosomes deliver bioactive cargoes to …