Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is a peculiar neural state that occupies 20–25% of
nighttime sleep in healthy human adults and seems to play critical roles in a variety of …

In the present article, the basic research using the mismatch negativity (MMN) and
analogous results obtained by using the magnetoencephalography (MEG) and other brain …

Dreams take us to a different reality, a hallucinatory world that feels as real as any waking
experience. These often-bizarre episodes are emblematic of human sleep but have yet to be …

Psychologists and neuroscientists have had a long-standing interest in the P3, a prominent
component of the event-related brain potential. This review aims to integrate knowledge …

We often experience troubled sleep in a novel environment [1]. This is called the first-night
effect (FNE) in human sleep research and has been regarded as a typical sleep disturbance …

The current review constitutes the first comprehensive look at the possibility that the
mismatch negativity (MMN, the deflection of the auditory ERP/ERF elicited by stimulus …

The role of arousals in sleep is gaining interest among both basic researchers and
clinicians. In the last 20 years increasing evidence shows that arousals are deeply involved …

Reactivating memories during sleep by re-exposure to associated memory cues (eg, odors
or sounds) improves memory consolidation. Here, we tested for the first time whether verbal …

When presented with an auditory sequence, the brain acts as a predictive-coding device that
extracts regularities in the transition probabilities between sounds and detects unexpected …

There is robust evidence that sleep facilitates procedural memory consolidation. The exact
mechanisms underlying this process are still unclear. We tested whether an active replay of …