Chronic pain, encompassing conditions, such as low back pain, arthritis, persistent post-
surgical pain, fibromyalgia, and neuropathic pain disorders, is highly prevalent but remains …

Vastly stimulated by the discovery of opioid receptors in the early 1970s, preclinical and
clinical research was directed at the study of stereoselective neuronal actions of opioids …

BACKGROUND: Gut microbiota, a consortium of diverse microorganisms residing in the
gastrointestinal tract, has emerged as a key player in neuroinflammatory responses …

Chronic pain is a major debilitating condition that is difficult to treat. Although chronic pain
may appear to be a disorder of the nervous system, crucial roles for immune cells and their …

Peripheral nerves have the capacity for regeneration, but the rate of regeneration is so slow
that many nerve injuries lead to incomplete recovery and permanent disability for patients …

Recent evidence implicates an adaptive immune response in the central nervous system
(CNS) mechanisms of neuropathic pain. This review identifies how neuropathic pain alters …

CNS immune signaling contributes to deleterious opioid effects including hyperalgesia,
tolerance, reward, and dependence/withdrawal. Such effects are mediated by opioid …

Previous studies have proved and investigated the mechanism of the analgesic effect of
tuina treatment on neuropathic pain. The purpose of this study was to analyze changes in …

Background Antigen-specific and MHCII-restricted CD4+ αβ T cells have been shown or
suggested to play an important role in the transition from acute to chronic mechanical …

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have demonstrated therapeutic potential in inflammatory
models of human disease. However, clinical translation has fallen short of expectations, with …