Measuring the preferences of political elites is critically important for analyzing the
determinants and consequences of elite behavior. The decisions that elites make when …

Can protest bring about social change? Although scholarship on the consequences of social
movements has grown dramatically, our understanding of protest influence is limited; …

When and how do movements influence policy change? We examine the dynamics leading
up to Kennedy's decision to pursue major civil rights legislation in 1963. This marked a key …

This article promotes a characterization of intraparty politics that explains how rank-and-file
party members control the delegation of power to their cabinet ministers and shadow cabinet …

The absence of a core means that a majority coalition can never choose a policy that will
keep it safe from minority appeals to its pivotal members. In two dimensions, strategic …

The study of political conflict in legislatures is fundamental to understanding the nature of
governance, but also difficult because of changes in membership and the issues addressed …

Many of the questions that are central to political science involve understanding either the
causes or consequences of policy change. Scholars have relied on both data-driven and …

The European Union's policy response to the recent global economic crisis transferred
significant powers from the national to the European level. When exogenous shocks make …

Theories of lawmaking generate predictions for the policy outcome as a function of the status
quo. These theories are difficult to test because the widely applied ideal point estimation …

To enforce the constitutional right to vote, to confer jurisdiction upon the district courts of the
United States to provide injunctive relief against discrimination in public accommodations, to …